Contribution of microreactor technology and flow chemistry to the development of green and sustainable synthesis

• Flavio Fanelli,
• Giovanna Parisi,
• Leonardo Degennaro and
• Renzo Luisi

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2017, 13, 520–542, doi:10.3762/bjoc.13.51

• of chemistry with a lower environmental and economic impact, enhance the importance of catalysis, allows real-time analysis for pollution prevention and provides inherently safer chemistry (Figure 1) [3]. Without claiming to be exhaustive, in this review we report recently published representative

NMR reaction monitoring in flow synthesis

• M. Victoria Gomez and
• Antonio de la Hoz

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2017, 13, 285–300, doi:10.3762/bjoc.13.31

• the composition and residence time for each experiment. This study showed the potential of the combined use of flow-chemistry, real-time on-line analysis, especially by flow-NMR, and design of experiments (DOE) for the characterization and self-optimization of chemical reactions. Conclusion Real-time

• analysis of a reaction is one of the key principles of green chemistry [51] for pollution prevention. However, on-line and in-line analysis together with the use of flow chemistry and the appropriate software for analysis, determination of the kinetic and thermodynamic parameters and for process

Spectral and DFT studies of anion bound organic receptors: Time dependent studies and logic gate applications

• Srikala Pangannaya,
• Neethu Padinchare Purayil,
• Shweta Dabhi,
• Venu Mankad,
• Prafulla K. Jha,
• Satyam Shinde and
• Darshak R. Trivedi

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2017, 13, 222–238, doi:10.3762/bjoc.13.25

• for F− and AcO– ions allowing the real time analysis of these ions in aqueous media. The formation of the receptor–anion complexes has been supported by UV–vis titration studies and confirmed through binding constant calculations. The anion binding process follows a first order rate equation and the

Raman spectroscopy as a tool for monitoring mesoscale continuous-flow organic synthesis: Equipment interface and assessment in four medicinally-relevant reactions

• Trevor A. Hamlin and
• Nicholas E. Leadbeater

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2013, 9, 1843–1852, doi:10.3762/bjoc.9.215

• systems. Perhaps most developed is the area of infrared monitoring. The now ubiquitous ReactIR equipment has been interfaced with commercially available flow equipment to allow for real-time analysis of reactions and on-the-fly optimization of conditions [28][29][30]. In our laboratory we have had success

3D-printed devices for continuous-flow organic chemistry

• Vincenza Dragone,
• Victor Sans,
• Mali H. Rosnes,
• Philip J. Kitson and
• Leroy Cronin

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2013, 9, 951–959, doi:10.3762/bjoc.9.109

• processing advantages of flow chemistry for the synthesis of organic compounds. Robust and inexpensive 3D-printed reactionware devices are easily connected using standard fittings resulting in complex, custom-made flow systems, including multiple reactors in a series with in-line, real-time analysis using an

Continuous-flow catalytic asymmetric hydrogenations: Reaction optimization using FTIR inline analysis

• Magnus Rueping,
• Teerawut Bootwicha and
• Erli Sugiono

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2012, 8, 300–307, doi:10.3762/bjoc.8.32

• : asymmetric reduction; binolphosphoric acid; Brønsted acid; Hantzsch dihydropyridine; IR spectroscopy; real-time analysis; Introduction In recent years, a growing interest in microreactor technology has been seen in the scientific community and the development of microfabricated reaction systems is actively

• reaction, the product formation ( = 1495 cm−1) and substrate consumption ( = 1479 cm−1) can be determined in real time. Analysis of the spectra provided us with an optimal temperature of 60 °C for this reaction. In general the IR-flow-cell technology is a good tool for in situ monitoring and provides a

Anthracene appended pyridinium amide–urea conjugate in selective fluorometric sensing of L-N-acetylvaline salt

• Kumaresh Ghosh,
• Tanmay Sarkar and
• Asoke P. Chattopadhyay

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2010, 6, 1211–1218, doi:10.3762/bjoc.6.139

• performing real time analysis. However, the development of receptors for these molecules is slow due to their insolubility in organic solvents, especially amino acids. For strong complexation of zwitterionic amino acids, synthetic receptors should possess complementary binding sites for both ammonium and